Compared with traditional lathes, CNC lathes are more suitable for turning rotary parts with the following requirements and characteristics:

1. parts with high precision requirements

Because of its good rigidity, high manufacturing and tool setting accuracy, and convenient manual compensation or even automatic compensation, the CNC lathe can process parts with high dimensional accuracy requirements. In some cases, it is possible to replace grinding with turning. In addition, because the tool movement during NC turning is realized through high-precision interpolation and servo drive, and the machine tool has good rigidity and high manufacturing precision, it can process parts with high requirements for bus straightness, roundness, and cylindricity.

2. revolving parts with good surface roughness

CNC lathe can process parts with small surface roughness, not only because of its good rigidity and high manufacturing precision but also because of its constant linear speed cutting function. The surface roughness depends on the feed rate and cutting speed when the material, finish turning allowance, and tool have been determined. Using the constant linear speed cutting function of the NC lathe, the linear speed can be selected to cut the end face, so that the cut roughness is small and consistent. CNC lathes are also suitable for turning parts with different surface roughness requirements. The parts with small roughness can be achieved by reducing the feed speed, which can not be achieved on the traditional lathe.

3. parts with complex contour and shape

NC lathe has the function of arc interpolation, so it can directly use the arc command to process the arc contour. CNC lathes can also process contour rotary parts composed of arbitrary plane curves. They can process both curves described by equations and tabular curves. If the traditional lathe or the numerical control lathe can be used for turning cylindrical and conical parts, the numerical control lathe can only be used for turning complex rotating parts.

4. parts with some special types of threads

Traditional lathes can only process straight and conical metric and inch threads with equal pitch, and only a certain number of pitches can be processed by a lathe. CNC lathes can not only process any straight, conical, metric, inch, and end face threads with an equal pitch but also process threads with increased pitch decreased pitch, and smooth transition between equal pitch and variable pitch. When the NC lathe processes threads, the spindle rotation does not have to be changed alternately like the traditional lathe. It can cycle from one tool to another without stopping until it is completed, so it has high efficiency in turning threads. CNC lathes are also equipped with precision thread cutting functions. In addition, cemented carbide forming blades are generally used, and high speed can be used, so the turned threads have high precision and small surface roughness. It can be said that screw thread parts, including lead screws, are very suitable for machining on CNC lathes.

5. parts with ultra-precision and low surface roughness

The required contour accuracy and ultra-low surface roughness value of magnetic disk, video head, polyhedral reflector of a laser printer, rotary drum of copier, lens, and mold of the camera and other optical equipment, as well as a contact lens, is suitable for processing on high-precision and high-function digital control lathe. The lens used for plastic astigmatism, which was difficult to process in the past, can now be processed with a CNC lathe. The contour precision of superfinishing can reach 0.1 μ m. Surface roughness reaches 0.02 μ m. The material of ultra-precision turning parts used to be mainly metal, but now it has been expanded to plastics and ceramics.

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